ESG metrics and social equity: Investigating commensurability

During the past two decades, world has seen exponential growth in number of companies reporting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data, various ESG metrics have been proposed are now use. play a crucial role as an enabler investment strategies that consider factors, which often referred to “ESG investments”. The market evolving rapidly, investors, corporations, public giving more priority “S” ESG, including social equity issues, such diversity, income inequality, worker safety, systemic racism, companies' broader society. In this critical, systematic review, utilizing in-depth assessments, we investigate compare approaches employed major studies, then, shed light on aspect by reviewing existing used assess clarify commensurability with ESG. Through paper confirms investments can be expected provide stable high returns especially over long term. This also clarifies how elements considered studies largely reflected metrics.